生活中有很多的人都會喜歡吃玉米，由于玉米的吃法較多，小編也就不一一介紹了。今天主要是想為大家介紹一下玉米種子的四(si)大分類。一般玉米種(zhong)(zhong)子會被分為常規種(zhong)(zhong)、自交(jiao)系、單交(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)、雙交(jiao)和三交(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)四(si)種(zhong)(zhong)類型。

1.常規種(zhong)就是植物(wu)本身通過自然(ran)規律生長出來的(de)種(zhong)子(zi)。

2.自(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)系(xi)(xi)種(zhong)(zhong)子是(shi)在人(ren)工控制(zhi)自(zi)(zi)花授粉情況下，經(jing)若干代(dai)，不斷淘汰不良(liang)的(de)穗行(xing)(xing)，選(xuan)擇農藝(yi)性狀(zhuang)較好的(de)單株進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)自(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)，從(cong)而獲(huo)(huo)得農藝(yi)性狀(zhuang)較整齊一致(zhi)、遺傳基礎較單純的(de)系(xi)(xi)，稱為(wei)自(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)系(xi)(xi)。連(lian)續自(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)（雌穗和雄穗分(fen)別(bie)套袋，然后(hou)人(ren)工授粉）7-8代(dai)基本(ben)純合(he)成為(wei)自(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)系(xi)(xi)。自(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)系(xi)(xi)種(zhong)(zhong)子進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)天然或人(ren)工隔離進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)繁殖可收獲(huo)(huo)自(zi)(zi)交(jiao)(jiao)系(xi)(xi)種(zhong)(zhong)子。

3.單(dan)交種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是用兩個自交系雜交生(sheng)產(chan)的雜交種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，我們稱之為單(dan)交種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。可表示(shi)(shi)為A×B(“×”表示(shi)(shi)雜交)。單(dan)交種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的代具有很強(qiang)的雜種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)優勢，表現為抗逆(ni)性(xing)強(qiang)、生(sheng)長(chang)健壯(zhuang)、整齊一(yi)致，增(zeng)產(chan)幅(fu)度大，一(yi)般可比(bi)天然授粉的農家品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)增(zeng)產(chan)20%一(yi)30%。可惜的是，當時的玉米自交系其產(chan)量性(xing)狀(zhuang)較差，生(sheng)產(chan)力太低。

4.還有就(jiu)是(shi)雙交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和(he)(he)三(san)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。雙交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雙雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)簡稱。由四(si)個(ge)(ge)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或自交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)系(xi)先(xian)兩(liang)兩(liang)配成單(dan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，再由兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)單(dan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)而得的(de)(de)(de)雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)組合。（A×B）F1×（C×D）F1所得雜(za)(za)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)即為(wei)雙交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。雙交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成本(ben)低，可(ke)提高(gao)制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)田面積(ji)。但需較(jiao)多(duo)隔(ge)離(li)區，程序亦(yi)較(jiao)復雜(za)(za)，育(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時間(jian)較(jiao)長，增(zeng)產效果(guo)往往不及單(dan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在生產上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)應用已逐漸減少(shao)。三(san)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)三(san)個(ge)(ge)血(xue)緣不同的(de)(de)(de)玉米(mi)自交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)系(xi)先(xian)后后經過兩(liang)次雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)而形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，可(ke)用(A×B)×C來表示，即以A和(he)(he)B雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)獲得的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)Fl做母(mu)本(ben)再與C自交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)系(xi)配成雜(za)(za)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。三(san)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生長的(de)(de)(de)整齊度和(he)(he)產量(liang)不如單(dan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)程序較(jiao)單(dan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁瑣(suo)，共需5個(ge)(ge)隔(ge)離(li)區，三(san)個(ge)(ge)用來繁殖自交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)系(xi)，另有兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)分(fen)別用來配制(zhi)單(dan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)(he)生產上(shang)用的(de)(de)(de)三(san)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。由于(yu)三(san)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)母(mu)本(ben)是(shi)單(dan)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，所以制(zhi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產量(liang)高(gao)、成本(ben)低。